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Francis H. Leggett
The ''Francis H. Leggett'' was an American-flagged steam-powered schooner built in 1903 by Newport News Shipbuilding as a timber-hauling ship serving Andrew Benoni Hammond's timber operations on the West Coast of the United States. It served in this capacity for 11 years before it sank off the Columbia Bar on the coast of Oregon. The disaster killed 35 of the 37 passengers aboard and all 25 crewmen. The disaster was the worst maritime accident in the history of Oregon and was attributed to the ship being overloaded with railroad ties.
==Construction==
In 1903, with his timber operations in full bloom in the Pacific Northwest, timber baron A.B. Hammond began acquiring what became known as "Hammond's Navy," a flotilla of 72 ships (not all owned simultaneously) that served his operations. The flagship of this flotilla was the ''Francis H. Leggett'', which Hammond named after one of his business partners and commissioned to be the largest ship in the Pacific lumber trade.〔Gordon, p. 267〕 With a capacity of 1.5 million board-feet of lumber, its steel hull was so large that it could not enter many of the ports on the West Coast of the United States. Nicknamed "Hammond's Folly," it was nevertheless a commercial success when it arrived on the West Coast from the Virginia shipyard where it was built.〔("The Francis H. Leggett Launched," ) ''The New York Times''. Feb. 1, 1903. Retrieved Sept. 21, 2014.〕 In 1905 alone, the ''Leggett'' and its sister ship, the ''Arctic'', netted Hammond $62,000 in profit, more than the profit of some of his timber operations. The success of the ''Leggett'' led Hammond to acquire more ships.〔
Later, the ''Leggett'' was one of the pioneering ships behind the technique of ocean rafting (also called Benson rafting), whereby large rafts of logs were chained together and towed. These rafts could be up to long and contain up to 11 million board feet of timber.〔("The Largest Lumber Raft," ) ''The New York Times''. Aug. 24, 1906. Retrieved Sept. 21, 2014.〕 After some years of success, the practice was banned by the U.S. Congress in 1912 after several rafts broke up in storms, spreading large logs up and down the coast and creating a hazard to shipping.〔Gordon, p. 269〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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